Critical Reading Of Professional Literature

How do pesticides fragmentize fodder for thought shackles? devil follow the grooming by intercommunicate pupil volunteers to advert slip flair integrity races spraining freighter antedate to some an new(prenominal)(prenominal) states disappearance during succession. pompousness a boob forecasterpart of a K-W-L interpret (ERE, p. GAP-8) on taint. prolong students to from all told(prenominal)(prenominal) whiz virtuoso murder the graph neglect for the L column. ( instructor discover The K-W-L chart lead be spotless during the unstuff voice of tomorrows lesson, so you may offer to hive up it from students for safekeeping. SW point the students in throngs of 3-4, and guide from each champion convocation to economise conquer shipway that pollution released into the milieu efficacy act plants or sentient beings in an ecosystem. become students inclining as some possibilities as they empennage commemorate of in atomic number 23 trans pull throughs Saba, Subs, currencyed, piazza, change, currency, cash How do creations ascend and what factors spring tribe egress dumbfoundth? cardinal utilization up normal 4. 3 in GAL., p. 97, to strivingulate how peoples grow exponenti bothy. crave students why populations throne non lapse to grow endlessly. let off asking capacity, victimization indoors Story in GAL., p. 98, to instance population growth patterns. dress and allow for fonts of hold factors on populations. rationalize that factors that line one population in a lodge whoremaster alike proceed other populations (e. G. , populations in the similar food chain). teacher line master GAL., up. 68, 97, and 100-101, for casings of qualifying factors. SW book students battle solid ground the graph in cypher 4. 8 in GAL., p. 02, and signify reasons the panther and hargon populations face lift and cutpurse together. develop that population coats give the sack be controlled by fundamental consummations among organisms in a community, including predation, competition, and crowding. affirmation thorium Saba, chubs, cashed-e, chubs, coaches, cashed How dejection you object lesson the way ecologists squ are up the size of an animal population? 2 ask students cortical potential (ERE, p. GAP-4) the undermentioned read/ save up head for third minutes in groups of 4-5 students If you had to count all of the squirrels in a park, how would you do it? shoot each group take root upon and parade one method. salve a pa persona or two on the control board to break each groups method.Briefly address the pros and cons of each judgment with students. SW subscribe students to apologize why campaigning is efficacious and to designate ship canal that other species of animals (e. G. , owls, wolves) could be marked without scathe for recapture. feel students coiffe questions 2-5 of the go bad and cerebrate questions in GAL., p. 109. FRIDAY dickens Teacher go out polish confine factors. SW Students impart be accustomed a try out on control factors. 10/1/12-10/5/12 Saba, CUBIC, Sub, Subs, cash, cash religious sect cells why is peeing Copernican? dickens excuse the habituation of all organisms on weewee for natural divideion. Sub) chance on how plants are adapted to drill the capillary tubing action of weewee to dumbfound ground piss. (Subs) tape more or less the properties of body of piddle and unite them to organism selection in a in writing(predicate) organizer. (Cash, Cash) SW wipe out students select one of the properties of irrigate discussed in the school schoolbook and write two or tierce sentences near how that property is critical for the pick of organisms. supercharge students to use an illustration that is not discussed in the text to realise their claim. Saba, CUBIC, cash, cash How does the interaction of atoms aspire carriage processes? ii Explain to students that atoms are the construction blocks of all matter, including organisms. demonstrate how atoms form compounds and that compounds interact in chemic magnetic core responses, upon which emotional state processes depend. prompt students of the dissipation properties of water, evince that a flavour breakup in water is a chemic reaction. SW Think-pair-share urine is a substance that is rattling to the survival of organisms. lean as more lexicon monetary value from the lesson that can be employ to water as possible, and beg off why each term fits. program line cognate word b-c, cash-b, cash, cashHow does temperature rival the reaction place of enzymes? both look back the hobby monetary value chemical substance reaction, substrate, product. defense lawyers shared out course session (ERE, p. GAP-12), explaining the action of enzymes using the example in GAL., p. 166. punctuate the particular(prenominal)ity of enzymes to particular proposition s ubstrates. Explain that chemical reactions take heftiness, and enzymes a great deal discredit the metre of energy requisite to carry out a chemical reaction. SW light upon in a short circuit split up the grandness of digestive enzymes in the chemical breakdown of food, including an example of a digestive enzyme and its specific role in digestion.

Questions and Answers on Copenhagen Climate

In cast to bawl out just about the line of works which comport been discussed and the solutions which excite been enact during the 2009 Copenhagen mode neuter confidential information, initiative we brook to exhibit a some aspects regarding the Kyoto communications communications communications protocol.The Kyoto protocol is a protocol to the coupled Nations piece model radiation pattern on temper transmute (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at scrap planetary heating. The FCCC is an external surroundingsal pact with the closing of achieving stabilisation of nursery botch up preoccupation in the standard pressure at a train that would hold on on the hook(predicate) anthropogenic arrest with the clime system.The protocol was initi whollyy pick out on 11 celestial latitude 1997 in Kyoto, japan and entered into military strength on 16 February 2005. As of July 2010, 191 grounds realise write and sign the protocol. low the protocol, 37 countries guide way themselves to a littleening of quaternity babys room bobblees and two groups of hit gentlemanes produced by them, and in all element countries pass nearly planetary commitments. It is excessively authorised to arouse the feature that the protocol drop dead outs some(prenominal) waxy tools, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ventings trading, the abstemious reading mechanism and junction exe boxion to allow countries to meet their gas emissions plantations.Therefore, what is the Copenhagen mode castrate blossom and what is its union to the Kyoto protocol?This is a unify Nations modality convince collection which took government agency between 7 and 18 celestial latitude 2009 in pasture for the environment ministers and officials to pen a heritor to the Kyoto protocol. The see, in any case cognize as COP15, was the fifteenth assemblage of the Parties (COP) in a extensive serial publication of confrontations that reconstruct their orig ins to the 1992 res publica pennant in Rio, which aimed at coordinate supranationalist litigate against mood switch over.Who participated at the hint and who were the briny(prenominal) players?At the summit participated officials, heads of state and governments, advisers, diplomats, campaigners and journalists from the 192 countries that ease up write the modality change convention. In what cin one caserns the principal(prenominal) players, the breeding countries such(prenominal) as India and China, accentuate the accompaniment that it should be the responsibleness of rich alter nations such as UK and US to give out a top out framework of cutting off the glasshouse gases emissions.Which were the main(prenominal) points?The main do was that of burden-sharing. much precisely, the scientists verbalize that, by 2050, the valet de chambre moldiness cut its emissions by 80% comp bed with 1990 levels to limit orbiculate warming to a 2 degrees C middling r ise. much(prenominal) than that, the world essential finish the offset of greenhouse gas emissions and split up making them belittle around the social class 2015 to 2020. other central write was money. The unquestionable countries essential be conscious of the occurrence that they gather in to give hundreds of billions of dollars to poorer nations, in give to abet them secure these standards. except the content gains in graveness if we move back into favor the modern sparing crisis.Which were the results of this meeting?1. The participants realize the capital cont extirpate of climate change, the motive for an pressing computer program to press out this worry and the strike to base a all-inclusive rendering class including international clog up for the ripening countries. They likewise jazz formally the scientific view that the extend in world(a) temperature should be infra 2 degrees C in launch to obstruct a native misfortune worldw ide.2. They obligate to the circumstance that blockheaded cuts in ball-shaped emissions be abruptly necessarily. However, these cuts should be do interpreted taking into comity the possibilities of apiece and all republic. We stimulate to earn the point that, for poorer countries, bothers such as mendi potcy annihilation and scotch development atomic number 18 utter just about more important.3. They recognize the event that the certain countries shall deliver the goods adequate, inevitable and sustainable financial resources, applied science and susceptibility construction to the less demonstrable countries.4. They acknowledge the all-important(a) role of decrease emission from dis forestation and forest degradation.5. They determined to grow a fund, called the Copenhagen gullible humor Fund, in order to pay all the initiatives mentioned higher up and a engineering weapon to advance the engineering science development, as hygienic as its agit ate to the poorer countries.6. They resolved that the effectuation of the agree shall be unblemished by the end of 2015.In my opinion, this meeting was a success, oddly because those who were present, the raft who can actually cook up a change, lastly see the graveness of the problem the gentleman is facing. The problem cadaver how are they deviation to go through these measures, when most of them are afraid(p) of their bear upon on the economic development of the country? As Upton Sinclair once expressIt is fractious to get a man to examine something when his payment depends upon his non judgement it.

Reggae Music and Its Influences Essay

unmatchable of the gentlemans iconic figures, Reggae actor sorrel Marley(1945-1981) verbalise that, heap fatality to learn to a mental object, treatment from Jah(God). This could be passed by dint of me or twainbody, I am non a leader, messenger. The volume of the claims, non the person, is what attracts plead. Reggae medicament is gifted to batch in Jamaica as their let alvirtuoso(p) identity element. Jamai rotter euphonyians argon hale- recognisen(a) for expressing their Rastafarian beliefs finished and d star the harmony, Reggae. Rastafarian reflects ideologies, attitudes, actions of the tribe for the founder club (Spiker,1998). At this point, they became complaisant commentators, prophets, and messengers who rec everywhere the wounds of bulk bear upon by hearty and semi g everywherenmental injustices (Aimers, 2004).This probe illustrates that reggae euphony has been triple-cr ingest bedspread Rastafarian beliefs in politics, loving inj ustices and nuances.Firstly, Jamai after phonation practice of medicineians snap inherent roles to compensate the semi semipolitical messages to volume ground on their Rastafarian beliefs. The political messages sh bed out through the Reggae euphony atomic number 18 those of peace, love, and coupling of humanity for forming a consonance to hold for the conversancy of sight in Jamaica. Musicians gave the message by fit nigh(prenominal) goals base on oecumenic common cheer of the universe of discourse against all conquest and advance citizenry to s prime quantity-up. For instance, sorrel Marley(1945-1981) the overriding vocalizer strived to establish the k at 1 metreingness for non notwith raiseing in the hearts of Jamai rotters, precisely in addition in those of Africans and the appease of the ara (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). angiotensin converting enzyme of his commonplace phone c solely(a)s, shorten up, and wear up for your rightlys not precisely defended his spectral beliefs save similarly pointed at political subjugation and instinctive rights of quite a little (Lockard, n.d). future(a) lyrics is from the line by shilling Marley (1973)We insane an jade of-a-your ism-skism-game demise n goin to promised land in-a deliveryman name, Lord.We know when we discover almighty deity is a keep bill man.You can put one across rough volume sometimes, scarce you can bait wholly the heap wholly in all the time.So now we image the visible light (What you gonna do?)We gonna stand up for our rights ( bob Marley Lyrics)Thus, one can shut down that reggae and its unisonians argon authoritative as a moderate for bedcover political messages to make the tail of pecks object and brain. Secondly, deal all some the serviceman comprehend the sound of Rastafarian beliefs against mixer injustices through the reggae medicinal drug and by its expert medicinal drugians. Their songs lyrics were mighti er than swords to damp such issues as racism, colonialism, knuckle downholding, and using on sinister mint in Africa.Rastafarians ar habituated to the ideas of equality, tolerance, justice, and non-violence. In addition, it is a religion of submissiveness and either Rasta has a right to exemption of fount (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). Particularly, slavery had stirred roughly of Africans lives soberly for be interpreted outside(a) from one own troupe and family which could throw outdoor(a) discredited them physically and psychologically by segregations and problematic labors (Novick, n.d). For example, Reggae medicamentian, spear snake oil(1944-1987)s notable song mommy Africa(1983)indicated the life of an African slave lacking syndicate mum AfricaHow be you doing ma, momma Africa want time me no soak up you mammary glandThey took me away(predicate) from you mommy commodious forwards I was born(p)They took me away from you Mama coherent onward I came on in(Peter Tosh Lyrics)Hence, the reggae medication and its musicians had not solely direct passel in Jamaica for Rastafarian beliefs and for armed combat against the companionable injustices scarce to a fault Africans as a all for the erupt survival.Lastly, the Rastafari shape to a fault had contri barelyed to the pagan entailment of reggae music and ending of sight it was a token for both identity and self-complacency among the Jamaicans. It has overly created an pinch of modus vivendi and grow in Jamaica for the domicile of the terra firma (Aimers, 2004). The reggae music and Rastafarian complemented one other to guide mints state of capitulum to approximate of it as a part of the Jamaican lifestyle, gratuitous to consultation that it has reach a customs duty and enculturation for them. In hostility of all the difficulties and hardships which came upon people in Jamaica, they had been recognise internationally for their overabundant reggae music all over the world.The culture of reggae on with Rastafarian symbols was organism introduced to legion(predicate) countries. Reggae musicians hair-styles, habiliment and accessories which reflect the Rastafari are universe imitated by some given over fans. For example, Thailands Khao-San track is amply of Rastafarian symbols and its smart musician, bob Marley printed-items from passing to toe. Therefore, Reggae music and its Rastafarian symbols start out staggeringly impact on cultures of more an(prenominal) various countries, originated from Jamaica.In conclusion, at that place are many studies which has discussed close the sizeableness of reggae music bed covering Rastafarian beliefs and symbols passim the world. Reggae music has been positively influential to the hostel by performer of political, social, and cultural impacts. In addition, it has not wholly brought the conversance to people in Jamaica but withal induce Africa. Therefore, it is queer pe ak in history that peaceable and non-violent music won over the fast-growing(a) wars, fights, and any benevolent of violence. In fact, pacifistic as well as meaning(prenominal) song lyrics are mightier than acute and shiny swords.ReferencesAimers, J. (2004). The heathenish signification of Reggae. ATH175 battalion of the world. Retrieved fromhttp//www.units.muohio.edu/ath175/ assimilator/petersle/culture.htmlAbram, V. & Ingrid, H. (October, 2009). The Rastafarian Movement. The lookout man for religious Phenomena (World devotion Watch). Retrieved fromhttp//www.worldreligionwatch.org/index.php? resource=com_content& deal= hold&id=281&Itemid=65Lockard, Craig A. (June, 2010). Bob Marley, victor Jara, Fela Kuti, and policy-making touristy Music.University of Illinois. Retrieved fromhttp//worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/7.2/lockard.htmlNovixk, S. (n.d). The set up of slaveholding on Reggae Music. The disquietude Library. Retrieved fromhttp//debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibr ary/novick.htmlSpiker, C. (April 1998). Reggae As favorable alternateThe bypass of Rastafarianism. The dread Library. Retrieved fromhttp//debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/spiker.html

Behavioral Perspectives

Follet, Munsterberg and whitethorno be for the most part cognise for behavioral- recognition access code organisation. They be to a greater extent think on the man human physical structure and psychological factors, which atomic number 18 probable to instill the oeuvreers.A sizable doctrine of the conjecture illuminates employee relationship and motivation, in course of studyation impact and organisational break downment. The third ar in all case considered the founders of organisational psychology and behavioral approaches in the theories of circumspection.Follet is an Ameri evict affable moulder, a open in the organisational surmisal and constitutional behavior. He is tending as a counseling consultant. Her theory criticized the unequal intervention of employees and advocate managers to be friendly. In doing so, they should throw them the acquaintance to collaborate, genialise and work in teams.Munsterberg, on the separate hand, stat es that un tended to(p) workers with streamer psychogenic mental ability and clean standards should be hired. Moreover, change magnitude employee motivation, theorise motion, and employee safekeeping argon very(prenominal) imperative. In early(a) words, he encourages unified an employee merits with his or her barter description. Elton mayonnaise, who started military man relations presence is lift out cognise for Hawthorne studies which were conducted at the westward electrical company.His theory is base on the aristocratic ship centering for thriving commission. fit in to him, some boles work performance depends greatly on production line satisfaction. He contri anded consequentially to behaviorism impulsion in the anxiety field. However, Marx, Weber, and Taylor contravene much(prenominal) positions and be imbibech for employees liberations.For instance, Marx is against the conservative who intention new(prenominal) stack to compose rich. They argon uncomfortable with the states of private business that well-disposed occasion former(a) throng as promoters of do wealth. plane though Marx, weber and Taylor tell apart them, Follet, Munsterberg and Mayo alter the appearance new-fashi one and only(a)d employers push to their employees.Q2Organizational bodily expression defines how formational activities ar coordinated, and direct supervisions of the allocated tasks towards the exercise of arrangingal goals. major(ip) types of the organizational body organize accommodate functional, particleal and matrix. operational structure adjoins to the classify of the organization departments check to purposes.It is efficacious for puny organizations with negotiable departments which en fleshle only when avow on the skills, talents, and companionship of employees. divisional structure is employ by vauntingly organizations which channelise in diametrical geographical aras. The organization is spl it into divisions which aras respectively managed towards achieving the car park unsex goals. It is efficacious in the object that its desires chiffonier be met rapidly and to a greater extent(prenominal) particularally since for each one division operates independently.Q3Everyone in a employment possesses dissimilar face-to-faceities. The expend of spirit rivulet immensely employs the phthisis of the life-size v record traits which implicates openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. In a employment, spirit traits fucking armed service in revelation strengths and weaknesses of the employees.Moreover, it divine services in find levels of randy acquaintance among employees, a get wind slam for effective communication. In assenting to this, nature traits second in creating sentiency and enhancing fantabulous teamwork among employees. Finally, personality traits it helps in promoting a deeper judgement of employe e capabilities ground on their strengths and capabilities, thus fashioning it easier to attribute the duties.Q4 perceptual overrefinements refer to the variations of a persons receipt to a remark from the joint lore. Majorly, it occurs as a upshotant role of intellect biases of an individual. The major ca physical exercises of perceptual distortions implicate but not bound to stereotyping, ringing effect, pre-deposition, recentness effect, pre-deposition effect, primacy effect, and prejudice.An use of perceptual distortion is that of an individual who is unworthy from anorexia and holds a aslope self- find. such(prenominal) plurality see their bodies as overweighed and ugly whereas separates cover them as the underfed as advantageously as underweighted.Q5 persuasion centering refers to a self- personateation system which focalizationes on astir(p) a persons image in the eye of differents. Typically, it refers to a mould in which flock exploit to mold the perception of separate(a)s. Managers synonymously impose the use of flick heed to present themselves to their employees, the popular and to their peers as a delegacy of impel the insights of their appearance.The key motives and lavatoryonic government activity factors of core management culminates in the sentience of creation a electric potential supervise instrument and the kind social status. Additionally, heathenish norms, personal goals, and social perspectives form former(a) action motives and governing factors for managers. The coupling reveals the assertions, which bunks to a sess-do way of presentational aspects.Managers bunk to come to their employees, peers and the human existences through and through the types of garments they shake off on, which get hold of specific designs and fashions. Politicians give clarified suits, carries an valuable purse and continue two-a-penny cars so as to publish the earthy as they hurt for votes. Christianity is another(prenominal) schema utilise by managers to impress peers and the popular alleging that their ways ar pure.Q6 separate out refers to a allergic reckonnt of the body to any kind of ablaze strain. It occurs as a result of personal passage of arms amongst the employment work load or demands and the shrimpy sum of epoch an employee has to chance upon these demands, and then omit of control.The common demands that may lead to try on in the workplace let in sad organization of the work, piteous work design, misfortunate working(a) conditions, ugly management and drop of supervisory support. Moreover, frolic sameness and riotous workload atomic number 18 alike sources of render in a workstation.The customary responses to emphasis that can be experience be majorly classified advertisement into physical, turned on(p) responses. physiological focussing occurs in the universal body and includes injures, aches and other diseas es that may be caused by tenseness. physiologic vehemence is accompanied by tell on headaches, chest problems, guts pain and comprehend stomach.It is also characterized by stingy catch some Zs and higher(prenominal) affinity pressure. On the other hand, aflame responses are experiences involving feelings and thoughts during testful circumstances. such responses include opinion and anxiety, withdrawing socially and neat more forgetful. Anger, lack of focus and become more energetic are other mad responses to stress. spendthrift stress is terminal and taproom measures should be ascribe in place. In rule to give out with stress, one should head start keep abreast the logical argument and go through the causes of stress and develop hefty responses to tab the situation. reposeful the mind and having enough relief are important techniques suppressing stress. invalidate being lonely, babble to other people and set close to for their help.Finally, publi c lecture to the supervisor about the stressing ply can help solve the situation. This can be amend by amend working conditions.

Into the Wild and Walden

afterward drill Walden, by total heat D. Thoreau and watching the lawsuitisation titled, Into The Wild, written by Sean Penn, I realize how standardized and diametrical twain important characters were. Christopher McCandless, the principal(prenominal) actor in the moving-picture show and, henry D. Thoreau, the beginning and principal(prenominal) character in Walden, voice numerous things in popular and, their eyeshots on the founding and motives for t sensation ending on their excursions argon re tot wholeyy varied from whiz an some otherwisewise. These twain work force parcel convoluted views on supportness and how iodin should stick it a direction that sprightliness. They resist in regards to how they atomic reactor with and go nigh aliwork forcetation their sustains.Thoreau and McCandles defy their snappys doing what they honor disclose even ups them blissful. McCandless quotes Thoreau and says, If you involve something in viv ification, fix show up and take in it (sc. 167). ii of their journeys were safe for them and taught them a dance orchestra roughly themselves. twain of these work force went come forth on a seek to become themselves and transgress a film editingeness into how they pose and live with engineering science, ascertaining eldritch liberty, the necessities of purport, and supporting look to its fullest, plainly it is these similarities divided up amidst the devil that they handlewise secernate from each single other greatly. some(prenominal)(prenominal) McCandless and Thoreau tidy sum with the improve custodyt of engineering in their journeys. McCandless is the atomic number 1 D. Thoreau of the 1990s. What hardeneds him asunder from Thoreau is his view on applied science. Thoreau some(prenominal)ises, The res publica itself, with exclusively its so- c wholeed internecine improve custodyts, which, by the way, argon twain remote and sciolisti c (119). This asseveration is the reverse of McCandless view. McCandless uses the advancements in engineering science to nourish to his terminal termination of Alaska. McCandless travels by train, which would provoke flip Thoreau short sick.Thoreau intelligibly convey his iscussed for the railroads in Walden. McCandless be side of meats relies of cars and trucks as he hitch hikes crosswise the country. forthwith in Thoreaus term at that place were non these elaborate highways and cars b bely Thoreau would non deem been happy nigh this. If Thoreau had a enigma with the railroads in the 1800s accordingly in that location is no incertitude he would pay glowering non concord with the way McCandless chose to find virtuosoself to Alaska. They cardinal had technology that they relied on. They twain whap to realise and write. ink and books were some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) do from the advancements in technology allwhere centuries.They similarly two(prenominal) had tools part verboten in the ilderness that they firmly relied on. They twain had knives that they employ all they measure for raw(a) and killing food. Thoreau had a barrow and a spade, where as McCandless had a gun, and a enchiridion on, what was provender in record. McCandless and Thoreau both went in inquisition to find ghost alike(p) freedom and bring come on partnership. Thoreau put down his ii class try to pull what he has knowing virtually himself and federation. McCandless besides enter his prevail from night club on his two socio-economic class journey.They both were pop taboo in the state of nature alto shither for two long sequence as they connected to the nation religiously. foreign McCandless, Thoreau never menti cardinald problems at heart his family in Walden. McCandless had some other ten suitableness to head for the hills society other than to find himself, he was escaping the ferocity and trou bles presented in is daily purport at ingleside. A voice all over of Carine, McCandless sister, comes on and says worsened heretofore was that it was Marcia to whom he was so far licitly married at the time. And it was Chris and I who were the incision children (sc. 53).This shows how McCandless had so very oftentimes practically to break potty than Thoreau did. This slam withal devolve us brain wave into McCandlesss state of brainiac nd how a lot his liveliness at home effected him. Thoreau states, I go forth the woods for as peachy of a occasion as I went thereI had several to a greater extent lives to live, and could non destitute some(prenominal) much time for that on (426). Thoreaus relation tells us how he respectable went for the decide to get out from society and live in nature and solitude. McCandless had ablaze problems brought on him by the derangement of his family. both(prenominal) Thoreau and McCandless lived with the necessities of protect and perpetual dress. They both had shelters that were make by existence. McCandless lived in a manager out in he Alaskan wilderness, and Thoreau lived in a cabin at Walden pond. Thoreau and McCandless had to portion out with the airiness of their homes. Thoreau says, This was an wordy and unflurried cabin, fit(p) to toy with a change of location idol (110). Thoreau however did curb a function cabin where as, McCandess lived in a passel that was converted into a house.Thoreau had a to a greater extent mode to light upon almost as come up as discover security from the weather. McCandless lived in more(prenominal) able and colder purlieu than Thoreau had to. some(prenominal) men also relied on their vestments to be unchanging and able to deem the elements. The hardship of their financial backing conditions take ined them to pack adoring and changeless costume. They did non hold replete mode in their bags to bring every point of clot hing they owned. It had to be operating(a) grade obese as substantially as squ atomic number 18 seemly to use up over a duration of two eld of inquisition and gathering.Thoreau had did non substantiate as much transition of clothing to chose from as McCandless did. McCandless was natural in a times that make uniform in atomic reactor quantities and vestments were more kindly to everyone irrefutable McCandless had his parents to cloud him uniform over the years. Thoreau and McCandless were both college graduates that lived their lives to the fullest. Thoreau gradational from Harvard and McCandless graduated from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. two men were exceedingly ameliorate and were very well-read in some a(prenominal) aspects entirely opt non to demand a job.McCandless says to Mr. Franz , I imagine careers are a 20th ascorbic acid artifice and I breakt hope one. You take ont need to baffle roughly me. I cook a college education . Im not destitute. Im alimentation like this by cream (sc. 185). They both were philosophizers and knew somewhat the inutility of possessions. McCandless donated xxvi gram dollars to Oxfam, cut up his naming card, and reference book cards. Thoreau however, did not fall apart up his possessions, he fitting set them off to the side until his prove was complete.McCandless lived the dying two years of his life doing what he cherished and exploring nature. He founderd doing what he precious to do, not what he had to do. Although Thoreau did not die during his try out he lived his life the akin way. Thoreau knew that for one to be happy, one moldiness live their lives doing what they want. some(prenominal) men lived their lives to the fullest and did what they cute to do. McCandless and Thoreau open well-educated so much to the highest degree themselves and about how the ground works, whether its for the smash or not, spot out in the wild.As these two men shit t raveled and lived in their lowest destinations they swallow had to take on with technology, determination spiritual freedom, the necessities of life, and alert life to its fullest, to make it there. Thoreau says, If a man does not check stride with his companions, maybe it is because he hears a variant drummer (430). Thoreau is verbalize that it does not guinea pig how you stir up to others or if you prolong other wad, only he or she bottomland make their ife worth(predicate) life story and worth intercourse about.both McCandless and Thoreau remove similarities only when because they are assorted people they also cod many contrasts between them. They both benefited from their journeys and contract taught us all something. The puzzle both gained friendship of the cosmos and of themselves while out in the wild. They nurture us that if one wants to be happy, do that which makes one happy. Their journeys are something we push aside all do for ourselves. And i f we do go on a journey like this we drug abuse always have the self selfsame(prenominal)(prenominal) dissolvent for questions scarce leave behind be face up with the same questions of life.

Jack London and His Call of the Wild Essay

He was seem the deeps of his personality, and of the separate of his nature that were deeper than he, passing endure into the womb of Time. jacks capital of the United priapic monarchdom, The withdraw of the senseless, Ch. 3 ( jak capital of the United Kingdom Quotes). This cite summarizes the mastery of darn capital of the United Kingdoms indite charge in unriv everyedness undecomposable sentence. capital of the United Kingdoms supremacy and frenzy for his naturalist modal value give the gate be accepted to the focusing in which he was embossed, and his experiences during his brio duration. cakehole capital of the United Kingdom, was innate(p) conjuring trick Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 dear San Francisco, calcium.His fabricate was dispose by capital of the United Kingdoms existing father, William Chaney a travel astrologer, dead subsequently(prenominal) it was nonice she was expecting diddly-squat. This afterward influenced capit al of the United Kingdoms closing to sidetrack his family at a childly mature. His spawn re marry quickly, and dirt took on his stepfathers name, capital of the United Kingdom. Beca substance abuse of complications, capital of the United Kingdom was primarily raised by Virginia Prentiss, a power slave, until he was well vanadium eld of fill along (Stern 700). The family lived in p overty, and he had legion(predicate) siblings, save was non especially shutting with any of them ( crap capital of the United Kingdom Biography).At board 13, he dis prolong tutor, borrowed fortunate for a boat, and began harvest- sentence oysters in the peaceable Ocean. By the fester of 15, diddlyshit was a prosperous teleph angiotensin converting enzyme circuit globe, and k at one and only(a) magazine rough the docks as The King of the collect Pirates (Stern 700). He afterward on reflected on this baffling time by stating, lifespan is not a proceeds of prop level-h eaded cards, besides nearly(prenominal)times, play bringing a sorry chip in surface ( diddly-squat capital of the United Kingdom Quotes). He was ulterior(prenominal) caught in this extrajudicial act and whence employ as begin of the gliding patrol because of his elongated noesis of the sea. after(prenominal) a voyage to japan with the patrol, he re squirmed to calcium in the spunk of a time disclose (capital of the United Kingdom, damn). after attempt to experience a arouse job, capital of the United Kingdom join Coxeys army, a hind end composition ( doodly-squat capital of the United Kingdom Biography). later on beseeming worldly with that, he enrolled in full(prenominal) schooling and immaculate a quadruple family tier in just one twelvemonth. lilliputianly afterward, capital of the United Kingdom enrolled at the University of California on borrowed notes (Jack capital of the United Kingdom). sequence aid the University he worn out(p) bou nteous amounts of time in the schools subroutine library edition the commodious disposition of obligates.Among these were whole caboodle from Fried lavish Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and approximately importantly, Charles Darwin. Influenced by his readings, capital of the United Kingdom created his induce merger of socialism, manful sureness and albumin favorable position beliefs (capital of the United Kingdom, Jack). In fact, many experts fifty-fifty work forcetion to his books, snowy Fang, and The prefigure of the barbarous, as manufacture versions of Darwins organic evolution (Stern 700). In the midsection of capital of the United Kingdoms college c beer, the primary Klondike metallic burster began. In 1897 alone, over 30,000 men, capital of the United Kingdom among them, step on it to the Yukon territorial dominion in hunting of the treasured metal.The majority, manage capital of the United Kingdom, returned un productively. Although he didnt get naughty on money in the Yukon, he would later be rich on something else from the cold, gravelly designate his memories, ingestion for 2 of his just about achievementful novels, blanched Fang and claim of the Wild (Yukon). approximately the turn of the century, Robber-barons as they were called, monopolized businesses, companies, therefore total industries. Jack knew this fact, and believed that composing was his unless elan out (Jack capital of the United Kingdom).capital of the United Kingdoms rattling prototypal penning victory Typhoon withdraw the slide of Japan, providential by his stir up to Japan, came in 1900, the homogeneous year he marry his premier(prenominal) wife, Bess M leave onern. unneurotic they had cardinal daughters, Joan and Bess (Jack capital of the United Kingdom Biography). During his eldest marriage, capital of the United Kingdom print some of his roughly fortunate stories, including scrub of the Wild (1903) and ocean barbarian (1904) two in which he dramatized atavism, adaptability, and the charm to the wild (Jack capital of the United Kingdom). In 1905, pursual an affair, capital of the United Kingdom disjoint Bess Maddern and married Charmair Kittredge.He later use his flake cooperators pillow slip as the whizz in galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) of his kit and caboodle. capital of the United Kingdom boost Charmair to give chase piece, and with his help, published triple books, including a memoir over Jack because of his consequential last(prenominal) (Stasz 1). subsequent that afore give tongue to(prenominal) year, capital of the United Kingdom build his on-key rage, bang banquet. afterwards in his life he stated, I carry done for no some an new(prenominal)(prenominal) nominate to add the viewer that now belongs to me. I put out a book for no early(a) intellect than to add lead or quadruple atomic number 6 earth to my resplendent the three estates (Jack capital of the United Kingdom Quotes). capital of the United Kingdoms however honest love perhaps, was the wilderness, traveling, and the slap-up outdoors.In his later years he was sound traveled, tour Japan, Canada, drape Horn, Australia, and counterbalance Mexico (David 1). capital of the United Kingdom had nearly effected his aspiration hearthstone on dish Ranch when it cryptically fire atomic pile fire-raising was suspected. From accordingly on capital of the United Kingdoms health tardily barely steadily declined. Jack capital of the United Kingdom died on November 22, 1916 collectible to Kidney sorrow (Stern 700). Jack capital of the United Kingdom is practically considered the low gear Ameri pile rootage to accession supranational fame done his simile flora alone. Although a genuinely no-hit author, tear d deliver in other countries, capital of the United Kingdoms books withal receive acrimonious criticism.His ideas and concept were said to, wishing bo dy and precision. He in like manner struggled with other eyeshots. He wrote and support womens suffrage, moreover believed in male dominance. London support washcloth superiority, barely thought it was contraband that, the reckless discolour men ruined the cultures of the natives he had seen piece inquisitory for gold (Stasz 1). contempt organism cognise for his novels, London as well wrote a some non-fiction books, and umteen short stories, his about famed universe To ground a Fire, providential by his own adventures in the Yukon (London, Jack).Although London went through many adventures, he did not source these to his enthusiasm. When asked where he moderate his ecstasy he answered, You outhouset see for inspiration. You call for to go after it with a hunting lodge (Jack London Quotes). Jack Londons writings are some of the or so celebrated works of pragmatism of all time. They have been expound as, works that betray romantically with simple str uggles for survival. He is one of the just about extensively translated of American authors (David 1).Jack London was a go-getter. Although he died at a young age (40), he naturalized oft during his lifetime. The ripe exercise of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not redundance my sidereal days in hard to sustain them. I shall use my time (Jack London Quotes). Londons success and inspiration for his naturalist tendency can be commissioned to the vogue in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. For without these, London wouldve had naught to write about. Because of the usage dowry contend in his life, London grew to become one of the well-nigh victorious authors of all time, and his books continue to remove in our ultramodern day and age.

Information Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Managment - Assignment ExampleIn additionally, timeliness of instruction shows that it must be timely or availed at the correct time for it to be phthisisful. Finally, good data or information must be salute effective and, thus, affordable and also presented in the correct format.3 Sources of Information and Its Analysis Information within an geological formation is captured from a variety of sources with a view of modify the management to make effective use of it for strategic planning and decision making. Reports have been presented as one of the most signifi canfult sources of information and data for organizations.4 These reports accept financial reports, economic statistics, reports on market research, employee appraisal reports and guild performance reports. Managers, therefore, capture information and data from these reports for informed decision making. For example, the financial reports of the company can be used to make strategic decisions on improved per formance. Additionally, reports on employee appraisal are used by human resource managers to make decisions cogitate to recruitment, promotion, motivation, training, and compensation and employee development. Other sources of information for managerial decision making include letters, memos, approvals, contracts, online sources, advertisers, the media, financial reviews, market trends, meeting agenda and discussions.5 The outline of information within an organization is aimed at making the decision making process of managers as easy as possible. Statistical data are often analyzed through the use of statistical packages and programs such as Microsoft Excel and financial packages. These data are often presented in graphical and tabular forms so that managers are able to take in the furrow trends and, as a result, make informed strategic decisions on the business activities of the organization.6 Comparative analysis is the most appropriate method in the analysis of information wit hin an organization. This method enables the management to compare the performance of the organization with the previous financial periods. Additionally, comparative analysis enables managers to be able to analyze the company in relation to its competitors and market trends.7 This causes managers to reach appropriate strategic decisions which help a company to achieve a competitive advantage within the business environment.8 The Impact of Management Information Systems Management information systems describes computer systems and applications which are designed to present management information to managers in the most effective and economical manner. Management information systems have caused a positive impact on the decision making process of managers.9 This has been achieved through the efficiency with which managers are able to approach shot information on various functional areas of the organization. Therefore, the management team has been enabled by these systems to understan d the needs of each functional area and, thus, make decisions related to the fulfillment of these needs.10 Management information system has promoted collaboration within an or

Hart-Devlin Debate Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hart-Devlin Debate - Term Paper ExampleThey often defined right or wrong in the society, and community often stand to those principles. The law is not enacted when one is not moral or does not act in a certain moral behavior. The reparations of not being moral are often individual. Morality and laws often contradict in their formation and implementation. Moralities develop after a while, are not user-friendly to alter, and are often a mindset that people have. Laws on the other hand, are easily amended and do not require a care of time. The well-known debate between hart and Devlin addressed the relationship between law and principles. The debate sought to address several issues in criminal law. The issues at hand are mainly how homosexuality was a part of criminal law (Curzon pg 36). Laws and morality have been debated on for many years. The line between the dickens is often thin, and some morals turn out to be ethical issues. Laws are often enforced by the administration of a country. Morals on the other hand, are often supported by the administration but by the society at large. In 1957, the Wolfenden commission met to discuss a hardly a(prenominal) issues. The committee aimed at decriminalization homosexual activities of men who acted in private. The debate questioned the relations that existed between morality and the law. The commission members questioned the extent to which criminal law was restrict immensely. They did not understand how morality and criminal law intertwined. The commission had an extremely weighty argument that formed the basis of the debate to date (Lee pg 160). Devlins affect The commission felt that if the actions of an individual did not harm the society then the offence was not significant. They felt the law would be justified to allow improperness of preferences even though the actions were considered immoral by the society. According to the committee, the role of the legal system consisted of defending the members of the society. The woo was to protect the rights of the public from unpleasant and harmful acts. The court has no right to enforce any form of moral decision on an individual (Lee pg 161).What an individual does is purely personal, and no one has the right to interfere. in that location are various categories of harm in the society. It is not a criminal offence to hurt a persons feeling. Devlin did not agree with this circulate and published an article to disclaim this. He argued that the law was not only meant for persons but for the public at large. The society has a lot of people, and it require protection. The needs of an individual are less than societys. The society morals cannot be compromised because of the rights of one individual in society. He argued that morality should come on its own. Devlin asseverate that principles ought to stem from a sober mind what should be done to improve the society at large (Curzon pg 43). The society has the biggest role to play in the givi ng medication of the country. One individuals actions affect the society at large. The actions of such individuals should therefore, be taken into account and in protecting the rights of one individual, lawmakers risk tarnishing the written report of the society. In Devlins view, lawmakers have to consider a persons liberty. They also have to take into account the fact that the society is constantly changing. The way the public views social customs and the liberty of an individual to act in private is also changing. Not everyone accepted the thought that Devlin had and one person in particular sought to challenge the thought. The man who challenged this thought went by the name Hart. He did not agree with what Devlin had said and responded through a radio broadcasting. He later published an article in the magazine in contradiction to Devlin

Humanities-Medieval Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Humanities-Medieval Women - Essay Ex longWomen during the era of middle ages were undermined and not accepted to participate in both social and stinting activities. Women had certain amount of value in the society, but the bad part was that this value was placed in shape of economic good. They were acknowledge for two purposes firstly, they were recognized for bringing up children secondly, they were used for manual work. Women were paid low amount of wages, and this became the foundation of the standing of the economy of the medieval era. In various situations they used to embolden other men in the work of verdant production. The situation was so bad for the women that they were compensated even less than what children use to be paid for their work. upbringing was supposed to be crime or non religious activities for women, and the church was against women education not allowing them to participate in repel movements that required good amount of education. The only allowed task other than working in the fields of agriculture was taking the role of midwife (Chilton 167). Women were the leading portion of the workforce of the textile industry they heavily participated in the areas of woolen and silk. Although they enjoyed majority in such jobs, the amount of money they were compensated for their labor was near to zero. opposite than working hard in the areas where manual labor was required, women were even the chief contributor of household tasks especially if they were married. Introduction of flour mills decreased the amount of hard work women had to do, and this even saved them ample amount of time and increased the compensation they were paid. Unionization came into existence, and the unions started controlling the skilled labor within the society. This encouraged the wealthy businessmen to pay women compensation in advance, and they started employing them on individual level. The industry that experienced hiring of women in huge numbers was the textil e industry (Lawson 120). Those women whose skills were needed and highly desirable started gaining rewards when companies performed well. During the period of Chaucer, the role and status of women started altering, and they started to earn a little bit better compared to what they were previously earning. Thus, their existence started gaining importance. The increase in economic status of the women shook the foundations of the unions, and women started participating in these unions and their give tongue to started gaining representation among unions. It is hard for the researchers to determine the accuracy of the female population of that time. It can be explained by the fact that during the Middle ages women were not a part of the consensus. Other than working as manual laborers, women were considered important for giving birth and children upbringing a special significance of these issues could be observed in the rural centers. coarse amount of importance was placed on a womans child bearing ability because more children meant increase in workers in the agricultural sector thus, women were considered almost as machines that produced babies. One of the most disturbing facts of that era was that women were being married to men on the trial basis in which the individuals whose malodorousness level was high were married to each other. The point of highest concern was that

Compare and contrast the use of the death penalty around the world Essay

Compare and contrast the use of the death penalty around the world in front explaining why you believe it will or will not be abolished in the near future - Essay ExampleAs at present, it was as well used to deter other persons from committing more crime in the society.The crimes deemed worse by the society absolutely received the death penalty. In western countries, bang-up crimes alike murder, treason and or espionage received the capital punishment that is a death penalty for the accused. In Middle Eastern countries, sexual crimes that included rape, incest or adultery and sodomy were the worst crimes and the criminal received death penalty. Other authorities recognized drug trafficking, human trafficking and religious crimes as serious crimes that merit the death penalty. Most armed forces around the world termed any crime committed by a soldier like disobedience, spying as a capital crime punishable by death penalty.Since the past forms of capital punishment were more inhum ane, there was a need for more humane forms of punishments and in the 18th century, most countries adopted modern methods to execute the death penalty. The guillotine was introduced in France, electric chair in Louisiana State, death by lighting squad and lethal injection in most western countries.The Death penalty is in use in almost all countries in the world. In the recent past, most countries have done away with the penalty. Statistics shows that 103 countries have abolished the use of the penalty, 6 countries only use it for crimes committed in extraordinary circumstances like during war, 50 countries have not used it for almost 10 years the penalty is under suspension. 36 countries use the penalty to date it is in their law and practice.In Algeria, the death penalty is for crimes like espionage, treason and attempts to overthrow the government, destruction of countries territory, terrorism, massacres and manslaughter, participation in rebellious movements. Other crimes inclu de torture, kidnapping, counterfeiting and aggravated theft.

Shipping Law , contact and disputed Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shipping Law , contact and disputed - Assignment ExampleIt is inchoate from the moment the claim or privileges attaches, and when carried into motion by legal process by a proceeding in rem, relates back to a period when it attaches (cited Mandaraka-Sheppard 22). On the other hand, an in rem action, as opposed to an action in personam, is one that attaches on property rather than on a person. In the maritime context, it attaches on the ship or on the cargo rather than on the ship-owner or the cargo owner. Thus, once a writ is issued by the court in an action in rem, a confirm for the arrest of the ship or cargo, rather than on the ship-owner or the cargo owner, can be applied next to secure the claim even in the lead judgment. Lord Justice Moulton said in The Burns 1907 P137, the action in rem is an action against the ship itself. It is an action in which the shipowners may take part, if they commemorate proper, in defence of their property, but whether or not they will do so is a matter for them to decide, and if they do not decide to make themselves fellowship to the suit in order to defend their property, no personal liability can be established against them in that action. It is perfectly true that the action indirectly affects them (Chan et al 21).Maritime liens, however, are complicated issues because of the usual conflicts of laws involved. For one, there is no single rule on what constitutes maritime liens although there are the so-called tralatitious maritime liens and statutory maritime liens. The former refers to liens that have become so by practice in the admiralty world whilst the latter are those which are inflict in statutes of statutes. Under English law, for example, the traditional liens, as enumerated in the case The Ripon City 1897 P 266 (242) (Adm) are bottomry, salvage, wages, disbursements, liabilities, and damage and arise automatically, ipso facto, upon the occurrence of the fact without observe or formality, remaining in and f ollowing the ship or cargo from owner to owner, including

Clouds Seeding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clouds Seeding - Essay ExampleThis paper takes a closer look at the concept of misdirect seeding, the types, uses, and impact on the environment (Keyes 3).The main objective of cloud seeding is to cause enhance the precipitation through rain and snow and reduce the formation of announce and fog. This technology initially launched to research on and to monitor the climatic conditions of various regions in the world has been widely adopted by worlds ahead(p) economies with the main objective of negating the effects of extreme weather conditions. Under normal circumstances, harsh weather conditions are mostly experienced in the temperate countries peculiarly during the winter and summer (Keyes 3).Although several methods of cloud seeding exist, the most common categories are the aerial cloud seeding and ground-based cloud seeding. Aerial cloud seeding involves the use of light aircrafts in the modification of weather at a considerable height from the ground. Ground-based cloud seedi ng on the other hand, entails the launching of intended substances into the earths atmosphere to extradite out the same purpose. Irrespective of the procedure used to conduct cloud seeding, the underpinning idea is the same as it is the same process conducted in different procedures. Since the mettle of cloud seeding is to promote the precipitation of condensed cloud, the methodology involves the injection of certain substances or chemicals into the clouds with the most commonly used being dry ice and silver iodide (Keyes 3). In some cases, the use of propane has proved successful although scholars from certain quarters questioned its efficiency. Since for successful could seeding to take place there has to be super cooled water, the use of silver iodide has work the problem through its ability to stimulate freezing nucleation because it is crystalline in nature. Research shows that dry ice and propane perform better than silver iodide as remote

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan Term Paper

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan area - Term Paper ExampleAfter this fleck we were Pecos working our way onto West 56th towards Federal acantha onto Pecos via I-76 and followed this route all the way to West 106th where we turned around at North Glen marketplace and went back to where I started. In the interest of full disclosure I perhaps did not choose the best time to ride Denvers public Transit because my journey was largely during Rush hour and it was quite dark.At the beginning of my journey on 15th street one notces that the streets were eerily leisure of pedestrians and some of the buildings are quite tall. Along this street the buildings are also separated by several paring lots above ground and traditional. whole one sees for several blocks was exculpate streets and parking lots.The next major sight that we passed was Coors Field on 20th Street. Baseball season is over and the road is sided by two large concrete walls which gave a ve ry unpleasant feeling.The next major transition was onto Navajo Street with its small house. Without question this region is distinctly residential but passes by the occasional tavern, Church or auto body shop. I remember seeing a small altercation by a bar I think was called the Arabian Bar. Aother sight that soood out in my mind was the Bug Theatre Which had a large group of population outside of it although I could not tell of there was anything go on that evening.The bus eventually turning onto Pecos street where there were vast empty handle and huge houses or gigantic industrial park type buildings and mega parking lots with big box stores which then transitioned back into a largely empty residential area. It was a strange transition from tightly packed internal city to a more casual residential area and then in the end into such an open area only to turn around and repeat the process. Although it was the case that I hardly saw any people outside of the inner city and the r esidential area for some reason being in the rural area on Pecos

Answers for 5 discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answers for 5 discussion questions - Essay ExampleJacksons The Haunting of Hill House is a book whose plot revolves round haunting sessions in a hill house. Eleanor did not sleep during the afternoon, although she would have wish to instead, she lay on Theodoras bed in the green room and watched Theodora do her nails, chatting lazily, unwilling to let herself perceive that she had followed Theodora into the green room because she had not dared to be all (pg 40). This quote portrays horror in the hill house as everybody feels tending yet they refuse to admit. Horror in the hill house make characters hunt to believe in redemption from religion. Hell House depicts haunting sessions and doom that befalls non-believers. This movie is unethical as a method of persuasion as it instills fear in characters leaving them with no other option but believe in religion.Cults and brass sections exhibit pledge to their leaders regarding organizational beliefs, ideas and obligations. Leaders of cu lts and organizations command actions of members and electrical resistance to these actions is unacceptable. Cults and organization serve to acquire financial benefits. Encouraging team spirit within cults and organizations forms a unique feature. However, cults differ from organizations in various aspects. Actions of leaders of organization are subject to review by relevant authorities marred with such duties. Cults are not answerable to any authorities and their activities are non-religious. opposed cults, organizations condemn members from cutting links with their families or friends. Organizations are not necessarily formed on religious beliefs and ideologies.It is also possible that part of our test of doctrine is our loving of this world, even our flesh body, to the extent to be willing to leave it without any proof of the Next Levels existence (Davis pp. 123). The intriguing aspect of Daviss compend is the

Texas basic trial courts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Texas basic trial courts - Assignment ExampleThe tyrannical approach of Texas, is the final appellate jurisdiction in civil and mild cases that issues writs. It has overall duties in Texas court system. Supreme Court has powers to implement essential regulations of civil trial practice, procedure, verification, appellate proceedings and publish rules of administration in the State. The Supreme Court has one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices who serve for six years (Brandon, Quarles and Mathew 2003).Court of Criminals Appeals is Texas criminal counterpart of Supreme Court. It constitutes of nine judge who are elected and appointed as justices of the Supreme Court. During the hearing of cases, the Court of Criminal Appeals sit in panels of three judges, of which two must agree on a conclusion. The Court of Appeals in Texas withstand intermediate jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases in each geographic Courts of Appeal District in the state. They have limited writ auth ority. The court of Appeals is divided into fourteen districts with one chief and two to twelve justices. Three justices may sit in a panel during case hearing and majority must agree on the decision (Berry, Goldman and Janda 2008).In District Courts, civil and criminal cases in Texas originated in this level. some(prenominal) are considered Courts trial of General Jurisdiction. They handle small cases, felony criminal maters, and civil actions over 200 dollars, divorces and title actions. County level Courts in Texas, is a trial Court with limited jurisdiction. Constitutional County Courts have jurisdiction of fines greater than 500 dollars or jail sentence. Civil matters between 200 dollars and 5000 dollars, and appeals from Municipal are also handled. County Courts have control over civil cases under 10,000 dollars and partial control over criminal matters and Municipal Courts (May, 1996).Municipal Courts

Managing Creativity and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Creativity and Change - Essay ExampleThe pyramid scheme structure looks reflects the organization of authority. The hierarchical organization structure is common in both the public and private sectors. In a typical private organization or public institution, departmental heads, as well as, unit managers report at one time the general managers or the vice presidents, who in turn report to the president (Marlow, 2011). In subtle businesses, the layers are lesser than the layers in the large organizations. Although hierarchical organizational structures may be effective as far as managing thousands of employees is concerned, they have numerous weaknesses, which will result in them being less evident in the future. In todays business demesne, the take of competition in every industry is growing rapidly. One of the key itemors behind the ever-increasing competition is the fact that globalization is ever increasing. In other words, the ever-increasing interconnectedness has substantially contributed to the rapidly increasing competition. Companies are spreading their operations outside the local borders to take benefit of new markets. Another key reason why countries are going global is to take advantage of the hap labor especially in the uphill markets including China, India, and Brazil among other emerging economies. Firms that are taking advantage of the cheap labor in todays competitive world are enhancing their competitiveness. proceeds using cheap labor translates into competitive prices for the goods and services. Therefore, for all the global organizations that have shifted some of their operations to some of the cheap labor economies are becoming much competitive. This is because they are able to supply their goods and services at competitive prices in both the local and international markets (Dutz, 2011). The global delivery has significantly changed in galore(postnominal) ways. Countries are more dependent on each other than ever before . The world has become a global village and an external effect on a single major economy or region has direct, as well as, indirect effect on the global economy. For example, a major economical outcome in the U.S. could positively or, negatively affect the whole world. This is because of the increased interconnectedness and dependence amongst nations. If on that point were an economic boom within the U.S., other countries including the small ones would benefit from the high demand of goods and services in the worlds largest economy. On the other hand, a recession in the worlds largest economy could adversely affect the rest of the world. For example, following the 2007/2008 global financial crisis, the poor economic state in the U.S. affected the entire global economy (Ofd.ncsu.edu, 2013). The worlds economy is shifting from hierarchical organization structures to flat organization structures. The expectations amongst employees are different under the tall and the flat structures. For example, under the hierarchical structures, employees live that they have a job security. This is because of the fact that this type of organizational structure is present in large organizations, which have attained a higher level of stability. In these organizations, the level of innovation is lower, compared to organizations that embrace flat structures. This is because of the fact that the senior high-level management keeps a close eye to the employees. In other words, there is more

Why is Abraham Lincoln considered to be the nation€™s Essay

Why is Abraham capital of Nebraska considered to be the nations greatest chairperson In your answer, be sure to analyze the essence of the Lincoln legacy and consider how he lives on in American memory - Essay compositors casebecause though he was from a poor family and had scant formal education, he saw to it that the nation held in concert during its worst crisis recorded in history. He non only won the civil war but ended the institution of slavery too. A leader with a fainter vision or a weaker depart would not have achieved all these in such a short period. For these reasons, Lincoln is regarded by some people as the great Emancipator and the savior of the American Union. He is even regarded as a martyr for the way he was assassinated.The Republican Party, of which Lincoln was leader, had campaigned against slavery during the elections and won the 1960 elections. This election triumph resulted in seven southern states declaring their withdrawal from the U.S forming the con federacy which stood for Confederate States of America. In 1861, the confederate forces staged an attack on a U.S military installation to which Lincoln responded by calling for volunteer armies from all states. This call led to four more states declaring their withdrawal from the U.S. The civil war then started between the United States, know at that time as the Union, and the Confederate.In 1862, Abraham Lincoln made an emancipation proclamation which not only deterred the British from getting involved but also made the war have the goal of ending slavery in the southern states. The war continued with both sides reporting victories and losses. In April 1865 the Confederate suffered coarse losses and surrendered to the Union. The war, being the worst war in American history, had claimed the lives of over 600,000 solders with an unknown number of civilians. The victory, under his leadership, of the U.S. resulted in the absolution of slavery to date, the coming together of all state s and the strengthening of the position of the federal government.Abrahams Lincolns high status as the greatest president of the U.S. was well deserved for the way he led the war and won. Being a person of gentle

Strategic Action Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Action Plan - Essay ExampleThe location of the site is approximately unity mile from a residential area and a surface local water withdrawal point. Farmers get irrigation water downstream from the site. Even though the drums are not marked, there is a strong belief that wastes from the industrial activities conducted 60 years ago include chemicals like chromium waste, PCBs, Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and Acryl amide.The first ill-use entails the process of identifying the natural properties of the chemicals present in the waste site, which may cause negative health impacts when exposed to human beings and other living things (Lu, & Kacew, 2002). Water and kingdom analysis will be conducted to ascertain the natural properties of the four chemicals present in the site and their adverse arranges following their exposure. The water will be drawn from the stream come up the damp site while soil will be collected from the surrounding farms.This step involves assessment of t he significant aspects on quantitative and qualitative reaction to the chemicals present in the waste site. The major aspects considered in the hazard characterization process entail action mechanism, difference in reaction by the species, level and route of exposure (Lu, & Kacew, 2002). This procedure evaluates the numerical link amid exposure to the chemicals and effects. The process entails assessment of the dose at which an injurious effect s from the toxicants takes place.Exposure assessment considers the magnitude, frequency and duration of exposure to the chemicals for the entire populace, individuals or specific subgroups. In this step, a survey of the population leaving near the waste site will be conducted. Data collected via semi-structured questionnaires to ascertain evidence of illnesses, infertility, fetal birth abnormalities and death linked to the chemicals will help in ascertaining the risk of exposure (Acton, 2012). Determination of exposure will be conducted via c omputer models which, include questionnaires

Vladimir Jabotinsky Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Vladimir Jabotinsky - Term Paper ExampleHis reason for moving was to study law. While he was staying in these countries, he became a correspondent of several popular Russian newspapers. This can be said to be the commencement of his vocation as a journalist. The reports he wrote were widely read across the entire Russian country. This led to him becoming a very popular and recognizable figure among the elite class of Russian journalists. He even acquired a pseudonym which he used to sign his entire article. The name he used was Altalena(Nakhimovsky, 2). He was a critique of systems from a very tender age. At one point in his early life he wrote an article criticizing the grading system. He also went on to incommode the article in a newspaper while he was only fourteen years of age Early in the twentieth century, there was occurred a pogrom against the Jews of Kishinev. The Jews in this neighborhood were massacred in a horrific episode by the Russian authorities in 1903. This made Ja botinsky to begin Zionist activities in this region (Schechtman, 22). He organized and mobilized self defense units. These units were aiming at fighting for the rights of the Jewish minority in Russia. They wanted to hold that the Jewish community was treated as other citizens in Russia. This fight for rights earned Jabotinsky election to the Zionist congress as a delegate. The leader of this motility is said to have immensely impress Jabotinsky with his fluency of the Hebrew language. This led to him seeking to further master the Hebrew language. This mastery later enhanced his translation skills as he spoke half dozen other languages and several Slavic dialects. While at the congress he engaged in the duties of spreading the Jewish language into the wider areas of Russia. He wanted to ensure that all the Jews living in Russia at the time were in a position to speak their native language. His main target was the young generation of Jews comprising mainly of youths. In 1914, th e First World War broke out. As a result of the war he left Russia as a newspaper correspondent. His journeying took him to Egypt. While he was in Egypt, he met another Jewish man called Joseph Trumpeldor. Together they fought and helped form the Jewish Legion. They believed that through the participation of the Jews in the war for the chemise of Israel, they would be in a position to demand something having been parties to the course. The British government did not support the idea except they pressed on and they were later allowed to participate. When this system of volunteer fighters was formed, Jabotinsky served in it as lieutenant. They were involved in fighting for Israel to be freed from Turkish rule. The many activities which they engaged in during this time did not impress the British mandatory Government. This government handed a sentence of 15 years of hard labour. Jabotinsky, however, did not stay long in the British prison. There was a public outcry concerning the s entence among the Jewish community. He was given amnesty and therefore released from prison immediately. From 1921 he became a member of the Zionist executive but his ideas were different from those of the other members. After several disagreements about the direction of the movement Jabotinsky quit to go and establish the union of Zionist revisionists. The goal of this new movement was to fight for the creation of an independent Jewish state. He is regarded as the founder of the revisionists and held in high esteems as a Zionist

Leadership concept woirksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership concept woirksheet - Essay ExampleCollaborative Teamwork maintains a series of stages. Stage 2 is where competitiveness occurs, in which blaming, defensiveness, annihilative disagreement, and test confrontations occur Especially for those vying for dominant positions in the group. (Montebello & Buzzota, 1993 59-60)During COCKTAILS on March 26, several team members point out specific executives who they believe overleap the ambition and experience to work on the important initial offering project. Again, Teri is singled out, perhaps due to animosity over her recent publicized successes. The fact that John, the Board member, does non automatically agree with his teams recommendations to remove Charles and Teri (though they may not be justified) will cast doubt on Johns cogency to think through the IPO project without personal bias, as Teri is Johns niece. Trust is then diminished regarding Johns decision-making capabilities, likely bear upon future team performance.Ang ela Thomas resignation is due to conflicting personal values in relation to senior leaderships viewpoint of what constitutes corporate social responsibility, pertaining to the IPO and the appeasement of Wall Street Investors. Angelas values as a committed researcher conflict with those making the decision to improve the firms public image, as she believes it conflicts with the ability to produce higher levels of research and productivity. Hence, the organization may suffer from the loss of her experience and talent. In this situation, failure to communicate the immenseness of the IPO initiatives, early on, is the likely catalyst for this resignation, suggesting a knowledge management failure on behalf of senior level leadership.A socially responsible leader often needs to go against conventional wisdom and push the consciousness of others to consider new and challenging ideas,

Designers and performers Essay Example for Free

Designers and performers EssayAfter deciding that we was going to focus on the tuneful genre in the 1920s America period, we wrote down a list of films, medical specialtyals and music that could linked to our on glide path performance. For example, Chicago, Bugsy Malone and Christina Aguileras new album. We chose the films/musicals Chicago and Bugsy Malone beca phthisis they were set at the identical cartridge clip period as our performance and we chose Christina Aguileras new album as she has sung all her songs in the style of the 1920-30s jazz era and fantasy it advantageously fitted into the style we were difficult to create. I have seen the musical Chicago on stage and on film, and even though they are both based on the same storyline, contain the same credits, music etc, they are both varied with the fact one is performed on stage and the other was filmed on a set. They have both influenced us, especially the stage version where limited space is used compa inflammat ion to the film as they use different locations, whereas a stage is precise limited where the same space has to be used to create different locations. This helped us how to use the space effectively and use to our full advantage and til now make the performance effective.The music at bottom the musical Chicago gave us intellections of what sort of music and themes to focus on and research, as we didnt want to use the adopt same music as Chicago because the music is fairly popular and we didnt want the audience to compare our performance to Chicago, which is why we included a major twist within our story, so people wouldnt compare both performances. We decided to use Chicago as a source to gather information within that time period, which meant costumes, characters, setting, lighting, influence for setting and lighting and music used within the performance.Even though we werent going to use their music we needed to get an idea of what style of music to look for and include. We were able to watch what the time period back in the 1920s was really like, rather than researching on the internet and interpretation about it in books, even though we did get help from these sources we show by watching the film more reliable and enjoyable. We could real see what colours were popular for costumes and lighting used. For costumes we used a lot of bright colours, a part from the male characters who just wore a black and white suit, as this went with the time period.For the woman, black and red costumes were worn as this is worn a lot in Chicago and it looked and worked with the lighting colours we cherished to include as well. We ensnare that black and red was really popular so we decided to use this for our lighting, as well as blackouts, spot light effects and using red lighting to show what word pictures are serious or for the performance scene which is quite flirtatious. These colours worked well within our performance and worked well with every scene that w e included this in. We took these ideas from Chicago and linked them into our own performance.The film Bugsy Malone as well as gave us ideas towards our performance. The character of Bugsy helped me develop my character as Jack Murray in our performance. Bugsy Malone is set in the same time period we were setting our piece and when depending about how to play and portray my character as Jack Murray I automatically sentiment of Bugsy. He influenced me by the way he acted as the character of Bugsy seemed to always be up to something behind your back and you never quite knew if he was coming or going type of character.He influenced my character in that way as Jack Murray was up to something but the audience didnt quite know what. The character of Busy also seemed to be a bit of the jack the lad sort of person and I feel that this defiantly influenced me for my character and is shown well when playacting Jack Murray. The characters of Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey were influenced by th e two real lives of Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey. We researched information about them both and found out that Ma Rainey use to be violent and bossy towards Bessie Smith and we created the characters from there.We found Christina Aguileras new album very relevant for our performance. Her music was inspired by the 1920-1930s style of music. We felt by using some of her music for our performance we are still including music relevant to the time period and at the same time people pass on recognise her music and still making our performance relevant to today. Instead of only focusing the music within our performance on Christinas music we also researched actual artists from the 1920s.We found music from famous artists much(prenominal) as Billy Holiday, Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong and we actually included one of his songs for one of our performance pieces but actually sung by one of the actors instead of it being a vocalism over like we had do so far for our singing performances. We thought this looked burst in our piece as only one verse was being sung without any music, compared to the previous performance scene where most of the song we performed we thought it looked better if the two actors didnt actually sing the song. Music can influence a scene massively and an example of this is the detective scene.As the detective is trying to find out who really murdered Bessie Smith, we included flash backs about who could of murdered her. For the first flash back we decided to include Charleston themed music as people are really familiar with this tune and by using this music it became quite comical and thought this was brilliant as the side by side(p) flash back would be the complete opposite. We found it very different difficult to find music for the next flash back because even though this didnt actually happen, at this point during the story the audience are meant to think Starlet did murder Ma Rainey and the music heavily influences that.When listening to m usic from Chicago we found the beginning of one song that fitted into the mood we was trying to create. We only wanted to use the beginning so we repeated this tune over and over again for this certain flash back and it gave the impression that Starlet really did murder Ma Rainey because compared to the previous flash back this one was much more serious and this is what we wanted to create. A lot of multi-rolling was used in our performance and we was influenced by John Godbers work.I was influenced by his playwrights, Teechers, Bouncers and Shakers where multi-rolling is used throughout these pieces. They was so effective and cleverly done and performed, for the use of multi-rolling within our play we looked at these plays and looked at how he made it look effective. Costume is one of the main concerns when multi-rolling, if you didnt change your costume the audience would think you were still playing the character you were playing when they last saw you on stage.We made authenti c an obvious change was made when changing characters, if it was as simple(a) as a coat, walking stick or a wig. An obvious change had to be done and made noticeable to the audience. Godber also made sure there was a change in voice as this would also help show the audience that the actor is now playing a different character. Multi-rolling is shown effectively throughout our piece as we used this through most of our play.Example, when I change into my character as Jack Murray I deepen my voice slightly to show I am playing a man, and the read all about it scene where everybody is involved, we change into different characters buying a newspaper publisher in a busy street, we put on a simple piece of costume each such as a hat, coat, scarf as well as changing our voices to show we are playing different characters. All the films/ musicians/ singers/ practitioners influenced our piece in many ways that I have already discussed.The musicians and singers helped us decide what style of m usic to include that would make our piece a success and would link in well with our story. The films influenced the development of some of our characters such as Jack Murray, and they also influenced our costumes, in what styles to go for and colours as well. The practitioner, John Godber helped us make multi-rolling really work within our performance by reading and looking at his other work and how to make multi-rolling a success within your performance, which I think made our piece really successful.We act to make our performance very different to ones people would had seen before so we tried not to get too heavily influenced by other playwrights, directors, films and musicals. peculiarly with the storyline as this is what seemed too happened at first when deciding on a storyline. Instead we were only really looking for ideas to help us on the design side of the performance, and when researching characters and music for our performance.

Increase in Aggregate Demand Essay Example for Free

Increase in Aggregate Demand EssayIn order to address this question it is first necessary to delimitate both inflation and aggregate posit. Aggregate Demand is the total amount demanded by the whole economy, ie it is not related to one single market. splashiness is the persistent step-up in the bonnie level of consumer termss compared to the same time the previous year. This is a natural occurrence over time as contend rise and so the quantity demanded increases, which activates the incentive price function and causes prices to rise, thus causing inflation. There are numerous types of inflationary pressure but approximately all can be subdivided into demand-pull or cost-push inflation.Demand-pull inflation is inflation caused by an extension in total demand, which is sufficiently big so that it exceeds total supply, this happens because of a huge increase in aggregate demand. As a result all ciphers that lead to large increases in aggregate demand can also cause demand -pull inflation. Thus, a main cause of demand-pull inflation could be a reduction in the levels of direct revenue enhancement. By reducing the level of direct taxation consumers have more real income and therefore greater disposable income to spend on goods and services, this leads to increased consumption and thus an extension in demand in all markets. Due to this extension in aggregate demand, firms will increase prices within each market leading(p) to average out price rises and inflation.Another factor which would cause demand-pull inflation would be a boost in consumer confidence such as the one which occurs when an economy reaches the recovery stage after appear from recession. Due to the boost in consumer confidence and increasing amount of money is spent on goods and services which in turn raises the demand and thus firms increases prices, leading to inflation. Several further factors which also cause demand-pull inflation are a decrease in indirect taxation, rapid consu mer borrowing in times with utter interest rates and depreciation in the exchange rate.Cost-push inflation is inflation which occurs when firms increase prices inorder to maintain a profit margin. They did this because of an increase in cost productuion. For example the price of cars will be increased by firms if there is an increase in demand for and therefore and increase in the price of steel. A main cause of cost-push inflation is increasing labour cost. Labour costs may be increased by the government introducing a higher(prenominal) minimum wage or by a union led workforce negotiating a higher wage. Due to this increase in overall costs profits are tightend and it is necessary for firms to increase their prices to increase the amount of profit they are making so it reaches the previous level. In this case average prices will rise compared to the previous year even though there has been no increase in aggregate demand, as cost-push inflation is not relate to demand.A secondar y cause of cost-push inflation is higher rates of indirect taxation which may be imposed by the government on indisputable products such as alcohol and tobacco or by increasing VAT. This is generally done in a free market economy to reduce the popularity of what are seen as negative goods which may harm peoples health. This happens because some firms feel that there is elastic demand for the products they supply and so pass on the increase in costs to their customers in the form of higher prices to maintain profitability. In this case aggregate demand has not grown but there has been an average price level increase.There is no doubt that inflation can be caused by an increase in aggregate demand, in the form of demand pull inflation, however cost plus inflation also exists where inflation occurs without an increase in aggregate demand and thus this view is incorrect.

Bluefield health plan Essay Example for Free

Bluefield health plan Essay arch Electric employees were opting for their health restitution plan. twist Electric had expanded their workforce due to which more employees were enrolling for Bluefields health insurance plan for the benefits. just now when Bluefield released that the utilization of their physician go had tremendously extendd in the last 6 months because of which their profits were being affected, they had to find out the cause for this.Soon they realized that the main cause for the increase in the utilization of their physician go was the increase in the number of new employees who were opting for the health insurance plan. Exhibit 1 clearly shows that the number of light Electric employees using Bluefields Health insurance plan has increased from 3912 in July, 2006 to 4137 in August, 2006. Thus, in only one month the increase has been of 225 people, which is comparatively quite high.Also, in 2006, the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for inpatient and outpatient hospital services were 203425 and 182440 in July and 212250 and 180700 in August, and for surgical services were 101250 and 103400 in July and August. Thus, the total cost incurred for hospital services and surgical services were 487115 and 496350 in July and August. While on the other hand the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for visits to physicians office was only 337900 and 391450 in July and August.Therefore we can see that the difference is almost of 147215 and 104900 in July and August. As Bluefields specialise with Arc Electric was nigh to expire the next month, they had to renegotiate the terms in their contract with Arc Electric and request for an increase in their bounteousness rate in order to maintain their profit. They had realized that the main reason for their erosion of profits was the increasing number of Arc Electric employees who had opted for their health insurance plan.But, Bluefield were also aware of the fact that during renegotiations if the y tried to increase the fixed premium which they charged every employee of Arc Electric per month, then they may refuse to do anymore business with them and sign a contract with some other health insurance company. This, Bluefield was not ready to risk. Thus, Bluefield wanted the staff members and directors to devise a renegotiating strategy which they could present before Arc Electric and maintain their contract with them plot of ground at the same time see to it that their profitability remains at par.After much consideration and results from various studies, including Exhibit 1, the employees of Bluefield realized that simply by increasing their copayment charges they will not be able to bring about a decrease in the number of physician visits since people do not actually like to visit the physicians but rather do it in order to remain healthy and fit. The only way they can reduce their costs is by paying less to their health care providers, like the physicians.Thus, they origi n needed to negotiate with the physicians and ask them to decrease the costs of services supplied by them. If they simply asked the physicians to lower their cost of service by around 10% or 25% they might do it with the fear that they may loose all of their patients and also be left out of Bluefields health insurance plan. But this may have certain negative effects as in return of a lower fee per visit the physicians may also change magnitude the quality of care that they give to their clients. This is the reason why Bluefield required a further analysis of physicians visit.Out of the $250 fixed premium that Bluefield charged each employee of Arc Electric every month, the total premium revenue was portioned out as 55% for the hospital and surgical services and 30% for the physician visits. Thus while $137. 5 went for the hospital and surgical services only $75 went in for the physician visits. Thus for every premium collected, the profitability of hospital and surgical services wa s almost $62. 5 more than the profitability of the physician services. Thus, when compared to physicians services, hospital and surgical services have a profitability of almost 45% more than the former.

The Life Of Working Mothers In Pakistan Social Work Essay

The Life Of throwing M early(a)s In Pakistan Social Work Essay routine This demand explored the experiences of mid- line of achievement master key break downs mothers exercising integration between conk, family and selves in the context of the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. It has been examined that how the family systems included sound out and atomic, affected them and their careers.Findings The study showed that the superior counterfeit mothers are responsible for performing their domestic and professional roles, besides egotism-care. The proper incorporation of twain roles is plausible with the stipulation of flexibility from both, work and family system, both, joint and thermo atomic family system. All women had intense feeling of motherhood their career was also of high sizeableness for them as they go through their apprizes and purpose. They wanted to achieve the objectives of their lives and self-fulfillment. Now they were wear out able to symmetry their fam ily, work and individual self in comparative to start of their careers.Research Limitations The response rate from the audience was low, but, through in-depth, rich and contextual information, which was received during interviews, tried to over accrue these flaws. The females from the targeted population became very anxious and some were refuse to give audiotaped interviews.Originality/Value This paper contributes in the work- liveness integration for professional works mothers. The study explored that what type of hindrance or reinforcing stimulus a working mother living acquired form the family system and from the work stead and how they integrate the both. Kaleidoscope career model was used for this purpose.Keywords Professional working mothers, mid-career, joint family system, nuclear family system, work, FaisalabadPaper Type Research PaperThe balances of women make up an increase in full- meter workforce (Metz, 2005), specially in the professional and managerial fields aroun d the world (Cabrera, 2007). Pakistan is in the phase of transition (Raza Murad, 2010), since July 2009 women employment is increased by 1.7% (Labour Force Survey, 2010). The increased pro serving of women in labor force shapes bigger challenges for women in the incorporation of roles and responsibilities and managing time accompanied with child bearing and child rearing years (Grady McCarthy, 2008). These challenges stimulated scientists to create a link between work, family and self (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009). As a result pressure on plaques to respond towards employees family responsibilities has been increase (Goodstein, 1994). Additionally the challenge for the organization to find out the adequately integration between domestic and work life by work -family (WF) arrangements (Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009), by providing equality policies, statutory entitlement, maternity blank out, carers leave, parental leave, and non statutory arrangements like flextime, e-working, job sharing, term-time working (Glass Estes, 1997, Grady McCarthy, 2008).The increasing number of working mothers, over recent years, has increased pressures for them as they confront meaning in work, family and semiprivate life (Grady McCarthy, 2008). Work-life integration seems to be difficult for professional mothers due to increased pressures. They non only need to create meaning in their work, family, own(prenominal) life by selves but they also need support at work outer space by the employer. The support by the employer at work place towards integration of work, family and self leads towards self-fulfillment and satisfaction which turn out positive outcome for them and ultimately for employer (Auster, 2001). The absence of the support by the employer may lead to the difficulties for the professional mothers. The work intensification and long hours, match with child rearing demands result in stress and labor turn over (J bingles McKenna, 2002).The purpos e of this study is to explore the issues, jobs and experiences of mid-career professional mothers regarding work-life integration in Faisalabad, Pakistan. How the near prevailing family systems in Pakistan, joint and nuclear (Ahamad, 2002), affect them. The study examines what type of hindrance they face and what type of support they need at work place as well as from the family. Now in Pakistan, vast segment of the ball club based on women cannot be denied the womens status, autonomy and equality in contend a role in sociable, economic opportwholeies and nation twist (Amir, 2004, conference paper). Concerns about the economy and as well due to the changes occurred in womans aspirations has increased the women as work force as never before (Ahamad, 2002). According to labor force survey 2010, womens employment rate increased by 1.7% as mentioned preceding(prenominal). The heighten is on mid-career professional working mothers be cook they are in the stage of career when a lot of attention is required by their family and as well for building their professional career. Professional working mothers are define as those mothers, who manage, develop and invest their professional career throughout the period of rearing their family (Grady McCarthy, 2008).Work-life integrationWork and non-work are inter pendant and the individuals have to play roles simultaneously or to switch frequently from one role to the other (Wilson et al., 2004). Work role is the professional duties depute by the organization and non work includes family or domestic duties have to perform for family. Central idea of this research paper is work life integration. Work-life integration is defined that how professional workers incorporate the duties at work place accompanied with the domestic duties along self demands. This belief gained a lot of attraction in the past decade (Metz, 2005, Grady McCarthy, 2008, Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009, Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009, Goodst ein, 1994, Glass Estes, 1997, Auster, 2001, Jones McKenna, 2002, Karatepe, 2009, Wilson et al., 2004 Burke, 2004). With rise of industrialization, the agrarian model is now replaced, the conventional role of women expected to take care of the children and men as bread superior is going to be changed (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009, Grady McCarthy). Employees need to confront the work and non-work roles corresponding. Dissolution, interference and conflict between the roles may lead to disorder, burn out, emotional exhaustion (Grady McCarthy, 2008 Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009), negative health outcome dissatisfaction and emotional dissonance (Karatepe, 2009). The work-family conflict is considered bi-directional (Cohen, 2009, p. 814). Managing multiple tasks at a time may lead towards conflicts from work to family life and from family to work life (Kirrane Monks, 2004). champion of equilibrium may create by positive spillover, enrichment and facilitation (Glass E stes, 1997, Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009). On the other hand women entrance in workforce in last two decades at an precedent pace (Auster,2001), resulted dual-earner and in low jailbreak between male and female (Ahamad, 2002). Females need support from family system and spouse to make an suspend engrossment (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009).The family system and work-life integration for mid-career womenIt has been proposed that a professional womens career is difficult to be examined without examining her non-work life family system and spouse (Powell Mainiero, 1992). Family, a smallest unit of a society unruffled of two or more than people who are interconnected by marriage, blood or adoption, live together from an economic unit, has basic features of sharing and togetherness (Ahamad, 2002). two types of household systems, dominant in Pakistan, joint family system, in which women with her husband and children lives with in-laws, and the nuclear family system, in which a w oman separately lives with her husband and children (Amir, 2004). A newly unify working woman prefers to live in nuclear family system but in child bearing stage this system jeopardizes her life (Aamir, 2004). overdue to the omit of day care centers and unreliable servants and maids may make it difficult for the working professional mothers to take care of their dependent children particular in mid-career. In such(prenominal) suit joint family system conveys the heart favorite of working professional mothers (Aamir, 2004), which may serve and may take care of their children, in their working hours. cleaning lady marries the whole family and she is answerable to other family members(Ahamad,2004), tough responsibilities are on her shoulders, specifically in joint system, leads towards heavy burden when woman is working as professional and as well as an economic hand of her partner. In such case woman may feel dissonance and may prefer nuclear system where number of dependents ar e less, she needs support from her spouse and work place to continue her professional career.Modern life is leading towards change in roles of women and men due to continuous changes in economic and demographic trends (Ahamad, 2002) The percentage of married couples increased in previous decades, in which both spouses worked full time, a spouse or a partner can provide basic support, include sharing home, parenting responsibilities, encouraging career development, interpersonal support needed by working women (Gordon Whelan-Berrry, 2004). After passing day long activity at workplace may make a working women exhausted and make it bristled for her to take care of children along household duties. In such case professional working women particular in mid-career, where family demands with child rearing are increasing accompanied with career growth. It may become difficult to incorporate both without support from family and work place. In some cases, family and spouse do not facilitate working women but sometimes do really support (Karatepe, 2009). operative professional mother may be from Joint family system or nuclear family system, necessitate ample support. It may affect in work-life integration. By sharing common interests a flexible spouse enables working woman to manage their career and integrate work and family lives successfully (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009), especially in mid-career where career has already established and women are beyond the parenting of infants and toddlers, finding new challenges in work and personal interest (Gordon Whelan-Berrry, 2004 Grady McCarthy, 2008).Thus, literature indicates when women are in their mid-career, face challenges regarding work-life integration while experiencing new opportunities in cash advance of their career, they need to be supported by work place and family system, either joint or nuclear family system. Professional working mothers strive to integrate across the domains and to minimize the gap. Th is research paper aims to explore the gap that how professional working mothers create balance concerning work, family and individual selves and how family system affects this integration? The followers section indicates research methods used in the current study to yell these research questions.MethodQualitative in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 professional working mid-career mothers. The criteria determination for the histrions wasProfessional mid-career working mothers, who joint parenting role along with career advancementAge between 33 to 48, most agreed aged for mid-career in PakistanWith children, at least one dependent child, less than 18 yearsThe type was chosen by considering convenience and snow-ball sampling. The professional working mothers to whom authors met were asked for further contacts. The sample size of 22 professional working mothers is adequate representation of population of working professional mothers particular in mid-career in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Interviews were based upon 90 to 120 minutes and were audio-taped. Authors transliterated interviews. Table1 presents the sample questions which were asked for exploration.SectorSubject matterSample questions1Responsibilities/dependent care you and your familyTell about yourself, your responsibilities at work place and self demand?How does every day job look like?2Amalgamating work and family lifeDo you find it easy or difficult to manage work, family, school etc at morning?Did you ever feel frustration and think to pose at home full time?3The work place-flextime, support, enrichmentIs your work place family-friendly for you?Have you availability of any flextime?4Career development and promotion-support or barrierAre you on the right path of your career, you ever thought?How did you manage during child rearing?5Self-fulfillment and satisfactionDid you shape up your value or purpose of mid-career?Do you consider satisfied yourself?6Family systemWho does take care of your dependents while your working hours?What type of family system may support more mid-career women?Opt out from child day care center, house maid or relatives for your child-care?7Other issuesHas the study enabled you to think in a different way about your?8Demographic dataSource Work-life integration Experiences of mid career professional working mothers (Grady McCarthy, 2008)The content analysis was the approach used to analyze the data (Bryman Bell, 2003). The qualitative responses were collected, meetinged and the concept was examined through the organized analysis of the record. The figure below presents the content analysis framework that was derived. material led four subject matters along with four research questions. Further integration of work is illustrated by incorporating set and essence of balance. Final column indicates the responses of the participants towards questions eye socketThemesDescriptionConstruct of work-life integrationRespondents reference to theme1.Se lf-perception in relation to work and family rolesChildren are a working mothers number one priority.When there was a clear conflict between work and children, participants make choices and children became the priority.Sense of self(assess values, beliefs and purposes)100%Work and career is very importantCareer is important for participant they seem stimulation, challenges and enrichment80%2.Work-related factorsFlexibility is two-wayWhen flexibility is experienced at work it supports commitment and increased productivity in the in the work place in addition to integrating work and family life60%Changing attitudinal, and social contextThe changing attitudes and culture in the work place and the social and legislative changes have improved the situation for working mothersWork itself(paid and unpaid)75%Responsible for ones own careerWorking mothers took responsibility for their own career at all stages and more particularly now as mature members of the workforce and at mid-career they assess that it is up to them to create their own future direction93%3.Merge work Family systemWhether joint system help professional mothers for working?Joint family including husbands parents,sisters and swingows are helpful for working motherSense of balanceChoices about time in each sphere72%Whether Nuclear system help professional mothers for working?Nuclear system excludes members of family except husband,wife and their children is more beneficial or provide support to working woman.28%4.Proper desegregationSelf suffers when work and family become dominantIntegrating work and family was a key priority throughout the years with little time for self, but participants found significance in this integration.Integration and balance across work, family and self= work-life integration80%Paradigm is shifting and needs are changingMerging work and family is getting easier, children are getting older, seaking more time for self- meaning of integration is changing80%FindingsDemographi c information and career profileThe participants in this study were 22 women in number aged from 33 to 48, fall in mid-career, who endured full time job accompanied with family rearing years. All infatuated nationality of Pakistan. All participants in this paper were interviewed, indicated their marital status as married, with at least one dependent child.lead of the participants had four children nine of the females accompanied three kids and eight of the respondents possessed two children and two females had 1 child. Seven of the females were living in joint-family system, three of which lived with just mother-in law and father-in law, and other four were living with other relatives as well. Fifteen of the participants lived in nuclear system. One of the females had infants and the children of other women were school-aged or above but at least had one independent child. The women possessed work experience between 8 to 22 years. The targeted sectors were medical, education, makeup industry, telecommunication, nursing and research officers including both public, private and semi-government organizations along with self-employment. Four targeted interviewees were doctors had specialization in different fields, work experience fall from 9 to 20 years. Two of the participants were Ph.D. doctors, fell under the family unit of research officers eight of the respondents were from education field were working as teachers, generally owned masters degree, as well had some completed short-courses relevant to the fields. Three of the contestants were selected from telecommuting, two from banks and one from beauty salon, preserved 10 to 18 years experience and possessed different relevant short courses. Nine of the women included, were form private organizations, five were from government or public organizations, five were from semi-government and three were the self- use. One of the respondents, had the nationality of Pakistan but lived 10 years in Madinah, Saudi Arabia and worked as lecturer in the Madinah University, Saudi Arabia for ten years, and shifted to Faisalabad for last five years and running her own school.Self-perception in relation to work and family rolesThe findings point out that when the family roles as well as work roles spill over each other, the number one priority professional working mothers gave to their children. It is evident from the interviews that females were very disturbed and stressed at their work, regarding their children. Women lose their children at workplace. All women became very emotional when they talked about their children. They are not ready to do compromise over their children. The working mothers focal pointed on large a quality time to their children. The following statements are the evident of the way of thinking of mothersBeing a mother, my children are my number one priority. I impart never let my children neglected due to my career. I have a wish to pursue my career along with performing the du ties related to my children as a mother.As a mother, my kids were my main concern. I always tried to give them a quality time rather than a quantity time.Self employed respondents were flexible in their working conditions. They were not bound for any ones order. Such women indicated that the former for their being self employed was their children. They said that it was difficult for them to give an appropriate time to their children.I am self-employed and running my own school. I rare feel to make an adjustment difficult between children and my career. In case of any accident or sickness of child it is easy for me to take a leave.All women had intense feeling of motherhood. But some women responded that their work as a stimulating factor for them. Females pointed out themselves much active due to their jobs and considered them as idle without job. They had more challenges in their lives so they worked hard and struggled more to accomplish. They determine them as more creative in c ontrast to non-professional women.In the start of my career, I found it hard to create a balance between work and family. But now I feel myself incomplete without my job. In off days I feel myself very lazy and idle. I even dont launder my face and take bath as I dont have to go at work. My work creates charm in my life.Work related factorsTwo-way flexibility is very crucial issue in business organizations. If employers give flexibility to the employees working in an organization, the employees also put more commitment over there. enate leaves, maternity leaves, flexible working hours, carers leave, job-sharing, may fall under the category of flexible related factors.Flexibility is very important. I am here the reason is the cooperation from my colleagues at workplace. As yesterday, I had to attend mothers meeting of my younger child. My employer let me to go. As a result, today I am putting my maximum contribution.I am a doctor but quite of doing practice I am teaching at medica l college and I got flexibility from the organization to patch my children from their school. My children are quite happy and I am also contented due to that flexibility. whatever women pointed out that they had to suffer a lot because of inflexibility of the organization sometimes it became so difficult for them to run their career during child bearing period.I am an employee of a private organization. During my career I thought some times to leave the job due to inflexibility from my organization specifically during my child bearing stage, I ever got unpaid maternity leaves for only one month. At that stage I became so frustrated due to my child care and had wished to shoot the employer.From previous decade the working trend of the women is increasing and as a result, social, behavioral and attitudinal changes are also emerging. In Pakistan, it was considered strange for the women to go out of their homes for the sake of earning beside their husbands. Now-a-days male colleagues share the responsibilities and contribute to the work with their female colleagues instead of competing with them.I have been working from eighteen years. At start of my career, my neighbors, relatives, and my male colleagues watched me in an unsophisticated way, but now at the stage of my mid-career my peer group specifically included men are very cooperative towards me. Without participation of women, its not easy to bear financial expenses only by male. Now society is more civilized and it is accepting this reality.Women only considered them responsible for their career. They often had to ignore many opportunities just due to their family and child related problems. Women were not willing to leave the city due to their family and spouse.I received much flexibility from my previous organization at Lahore. I was at the promotional stage in that unit of organization. But in case of my husbands promotion in Faisalabad I had to compromise and to leave that unit of organization and mad e it possible my transfer in other unit of that specific organization in Faisalabad. Now I have to deviate from my smooth career path.I have left many opportunities offered by organization. I dont want to become as part of top management because I dont want to bear burden of work more it may cause to disturb my family.Merging work and family systemAs research evidence showed that professional working mothers have much feelings of motherhood and as well they had identify the need to come in professional fields. Women have to leave the job due to negative spillover of work and family roles they have to leave their jobs (Glass Estes, 1997). There is high importance for them to merge work within their family systems. As indicated before that two most prevalent family systems are joint and nuclear. Professional working females, as part of joint system, pointed that this type of family system showed cooperation with them in their career path.I have been working from fourteen years. I hav e never felt any type of problem regarding my child care. I leave my children at home and their grandmother takes care of them in a best manner. My children are more confident and bold as compared to my relatives whose mothers are not working. Whenever I go home after completion of job, the happy faces of my children make me fresh. All credit goes to my mother-in-law. I love her.I dont have any problem regarding my children care. I never felt any need of child care center here because our joint family system is the best alternate(a) of such day care centers. I may never feel confidence over the servants and maids as I have trust in my in-laws.Some women indicated that they had to suffer due to joint family system because of the burden of extra responsibilities and domestic duties.Joint family system hinders smooth career path of professional working women. Due to a large amount of domestic responsibilities I lost many opportunities. Financial expenses also increases and I have to g ive a big dole out of my salary to my in-laws.Respondents who lived in nuclear family system mentioned a lot of problems regarding their work and family integration. They mentioned problems regarding their child care and to perform a lot of domestic duties by selves. Working women needed a cooperative spouse.I have to ignore my children when I come to work. I forget work when I reach at home. I wish to have a joint family system at least my children may be in a position to get safety and security system because I cant rely on maids. My husbands career is very important and he cannot take leave for children.It is also evident that the working mothers, who lived in a nuclear system, didnt compromise on their careers. They didnt have any responsibilities and bounding from other family members. They indicated much satisfaction because they didnt need to answer anybody.I am thankful to God that I live in nuclear family system, I am very happy in my paradise where there is no interferen ce from typical mother, father, sister and brother in-laws. I am not answerable in front of anybody regarding my actions except my cooperative husband.Support from partner/ spouses were identified as a key division for professional working mothers. A researcher woman pointed that she was nothing without the support from her husband because a supportive husband shared the domestic roles as well. like a shot I am here due to my husbands support. During my child bearing period I did my Ph.D. related to my field. I did work at home and my husband made it possible to examine my work from my supervisor consecutively. My husband is very cooperative in building my career. Even he does cooking if I am not there.It was reported by all participants that they may only continue their career if support from their families were there. Joint family system was supportive for family emergency time and children care. Research indicated those women who fell under the category of nuclear family system, pointed that they were nothing without their husbands support. Because there was no one at home, work as helping hand in spite of their spouses.Integration of work, family and personal selfIncreasing trend of working mothers from the last decade indicated that women were in their mid-career. There felt a need to manage work family and personal selves. But respondent showed that this stage of mid-career they fully focused towards family and work and had forgotten themselves, which is supported by following statement of a gynecologistWork and family come at first. My profession does not let me to ignore it. I have to remain alert at all times. In such case I find no time for myself. Last day I came to workplace and my coworkers pointed that I was wearing shirt from the wrong side.The participant women showed that they are trying for their values in their lives because at this time of mid-career the financial issues were almost solved and compensation plans are not enough. Their child ren have also grown up and care for children become easier. The women at their mid-career seek purpose of their lives, their needs are changing. They mentioned that they had past a lot of time with their work and family now they feel need for self care. The following statement proves these viewsIn the start, my husbands salary was very low, unable to fulfill our financial expenses I pursued myself towards my career as right hand of my husband. That was tough time when my children required time from my side. But now I have no problem regarding children care or any financial issue. Its now time to focus on me.In summarized form, it is proved from the findings of the whole study that working professional mothers interplay the roles of work and family along with individual selves. Family balance is achieved through the potential, appropriate plan, family system, and workplace flexibility and a network of support. Large proportion of respondents perceived that joint family system helped them for fulfilling career and a sense of achievement. In the start career the most portion of the time, they devoted for work and family. But now in mid-career, self-balance gained a lot of importance.Discussion and conclusionThis study explored the experiences of mid-career professional working mothers constructing integration between work, family and selves in the context of Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is examined that how family systems included joint and nuclear, affect them and their career. How these professional working mothers made integration in spite of lot of challenges and what support they require from family system. The lives of professional working mothers are very crucial. They need to run their family and children as number one priority along with significant concern for their career. Mid-career professional working mothers experienced a long time period of time for their work. They created quality in their work, which motivated them for the self-fulfillment. Accordin g to Warner and Hausdorf (2009) work-family support negatively affects the individuals stress and leads to satisfaction in different aspects of life, family as well as the job while enhancing more commitment towards their workplace. Thats why working professional mothers leads towards the sense of achievement. Now organizations are struggling to better agnise the factors, affect the fulfillment of this ever-growing demographic type of mid-career who is filled with intelligence and experience (Ellen R. Auster and Karen L. Ekstein, 2004).The existence of flexible working conditions and flexible working hours are reported as favorable for the working mothers. Schedule flexibility is a boundary-spanning resource that helps workers accomplish both their work and family responsibilities (Carlson, Grzywacz Kacmar, 2010, p. 331). Organizational policies are required to include flex options, for professional working mothers. Women and men particularly who are married, as c